Blockchain technology has been at the forefront of innovation in recent years, but scalability has always been a challenge for web3 developers. As technologies evolve, the focus is now shifting towards optimizing each layer of the blockchain stack in a modular fashion to enhance scalability and efficiency.
Specialized solutions are emerging for different layers of the blockchain stack. For example, L2 solutions like Arbitrum and Optimism are handling execution to achieve higher throughput and lower fees than Ethereum’s L1. Projects like Celestia and EigenDA are optimizing the data availability layer to improve overall system performance.
With the rise of ZK-based technologies like zero-knowledge rollups, scalability in the blockchain space is becoming more achievable. ZK-rollups utilize zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) to validate transactions efficiently and securely. Tools like zkVerify are enhancing the validation process, making ZK-rollups a preferred scaling solution.
While ZK-rollups offer numerous benefits, the cost and computational intensity of proof verification remain significant challenges. Optimistic rollups, on the other hand, rely on fraud proofs and have a longer settlement process. However, ZK-rollups streamline transaction verification and provide immediate finality on the main L1 chain.
Modular ZKP verification is a promising solution to improve the efficiency of ZK-rollups. By outsourcing proof verification to a dedicated chain, ZK-rollups can focus on execution and user experience, reducing costs and ensuring stability over time. This modular approach can also incorporate the latest cryptographic innovations more swiftly than traditional blockchain networks.
Without modularity, the cost of proof verification for ZK-rollups is expected to rise significantly as web3 continues to grow. By adopting modular proof verification, the cost of verifying proofs can be reduced by over 90%, unlocking new possibilities for innovation in the web3 space.
Rob Viglione, the co-founder and CEO of Horizen Labs, is a leading figure in the web3 community. His expertise in blockchain scalability, efficiency, and zero-knowledge proofs has led to the development of innovative solutions like zkVerify and ApeChain. With a background in finance and a deep interest in blockchain technology, Rob is dedicated to driving efficiency and scalability in the web3 ecosystem.